Combination door lock



Mar. 27, 1923.

7 C. H. JOY. JR., ET AL COMBINATION DOOR LOCK 5 sheets-sheet 1 FiledFeb. 6, 1922 Mar. 27, 1923. 1,450,087

- c. H.-.JOY, JR., ET AL COMBINATION DOOR LOCK Filed Feb. 6,-1922 3sheets-sheet, 5?

Mar. 27, 192-3. 1,45%87 C. H. JOY, JR.. ET AL COMBINATION DOOR LOCKFiled Feb. 6, 1922 5 sheetssheet /0 WEEEEE jglzl Samar.

Patented Mar. 2'3, 1923.

warren stares PATENT CHARLES H. JOY, JR., AND LOUIS J. SAUEE, OFCHICAGO, ILLINOIS, ASSIGNORS TO CHARLES H. JOY, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

COMBINATION DOOR LOCK.

Application filed February 6, 1922.

'1 0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES H. 501*, Jr, and LOUIS J. SAUnR, citizensof the United States, and residents of the city of Chicago, in thecounty of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new anduseful linprovements in a Combination Door Lock; and we do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description ofthe same, reference being had to the accom panying drawings, and to thenumerals of reference marked thereon, which form a part of thisspecification.

This invention relates to looks of the type in which a number ofrestraining parts must be correctly positioned for the lock to beoperated.

It is an object of this invention to provide a lock which can be openedfrom one side of the door only by a person who knows the combination,but can be opened from the other side of the door by any person.

It is a. further object of this invention to provide a lock in which theparts are springpressed toward lock operating position so that the willassume that position as soon as the combination is set up.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lock in which thecombination may be changed by shifting stoppers among a series of holesso .that hole which is left unobstructed is altered.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lock in which noindicator dial is needed but the correct positioning of the re strainingparts may be obtained by counting certain clicks.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lock in which thecombination must be set up in order to open the door, but in which theact of moving the bolt to releasing position will automatically restorethe restraining parts to their zero position.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lock in which theparts that must be positioned to set up the combination can be quicklyand certainly returned to their zero position if an incorrectcombination is set up. I

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lock in which theseveral parts Serial No. 534,335.

that must be positioned are independently operated by separate handles.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a lock in which theindependently operated parts that must be positioned are returned totheir zero position by a common operator.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a separableconnection between each part that is to be positioned and the means forpositioning it. 7

It is a further object of this invention to provide a stop whereby thehandle for operating a part that is to be positioned may be made to makeone complete revolution and stop at the end of such a revolution.

It is a further object of this invention to provide a combination lockin which the combination may be changed without the necessity of anyspecial tools.

Other and further important objects of this invention will be apparentfrom the dis closures in the specificationand drawings.

The invention (in a preferred form) is illustrated in the drawings andhereinafter more fully described.

On the drawings:

Figure 1 is a View of the look from the outside of the door.

Figure 2 is a View of the side of the door.

Figure 3 is a vertical section of the lock taken through the door.

Figure 4 is a view of the lock from the inside of the door, all of theparts between the inside of the door and the click mechanism beingremoved.

Figure 5 is a similar View, all of the parts between the inside of thedoor and the racks moved by the click mechanism being removed.

Figure 6 is a similar view, all of the parts between the inside of thedoor and the plate which covers the racks shown in Figure 5 beingremoved.

Figure is a section upon the line 7-7 look from the int of Figure 3, thecentral shaft being removed.

Figure 8 is a view similar to Figures 4 to 6, the inner cover plate onlybeing removed. Figure 9 is a section upon the, line 9-9 of Figure 5 onan enlarged scale.

Figure 10 is a section upon the line 1(l10 of Figure 8 on an enlargedscale.

Figure 11 is a section upon the line 11-11 of Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a section upon the line 1212 of Figure 3, certain partsbeing shown in elevation.

Figure 13 is a detail view showing one of the racks illustrated inFigure Figure 14 is a section similar to Figure 3 but on a larger scale,showing in elevation the central portion thereof, with certain parts inthe position which they occupy during unlocking movement.

Figure 15 is a development of the cam shown in Figure 14.

Figure 16 is a view upon an enlarged scale of the plate shown in Figure7 and the central pillar thereon. I

Figure 17 is a view of the cylindrical housing for the lock.

Figure 18 is a section upon the line 1818 of'Figure 2.

Figure 19 is a diagram to illustrate the relative position of certainparts in the lock.

I Figure 20 is a section upon the line 20-20 of Figure 14. I

Figure 21 is a section upon the line 21-21 of Figure 14. I

As shown on the drawings:

The lock is imbedded in 'a door 1 and includes a bolt 2, which slides ina housing 3 and is reciprocated by means of a lug 4 cooperating with anotch 5 in the bolt. The

' lu'g 4 is moved by mechanism housed within a cylindrical housing "6.The end of this housingwhich is intended to be on the outside of thedoor is closed by a thimble 8 which has a flange 9 intended to'lieagainst the surf-ace of the door. This flange is beveled to give a goodappearance to the door. The thimble contains a central recess 10 inwhich the base of the knob 11 can both rotate and slide. Rigid with theknob 11 is the central spindle 12 which has a bearing in a bushing 13screwed into a boss 14 that is located at the center of the thimble 8and forms the innermost extension thereof.

In the front plate of the thimble 8 are mounted any desired number ofpositioning spindles -15 which are turned by heads 16. As shown on, thedrawings, there are four of these heads 16 and there are fourcombination elements to be positioned thereby, but it is obvious that alarger or smaller number of positioning spindles may be used with acorresponding number of combination elements. Each of the heads 16 isseated in a shallow recess 17 in the surface of the thimble 8, as isbest seen from Figure 10. The recess contains a spacing collar 18 whichseparates the thimble from. the floor of the recess. The head 16 has alug 19 which extends down to the floor of the recess at one side of thecollar 18, and the collar has a lug 20 which projects from that side ofthe collar away from the head 16. To accommodate the lug 20, a recess 21is provided in the floor of the recess 17 at one side thereof. Thecollar 18 is also provided with a radially projecting lug 22 whichcontacts with the lug 19 when the head 16 is rotated.

The circumferential width of the deeper recess 2]. exceeds thecircumferential width of the projection 20 by an amount equal to thecombined circumferential width of the lugs 19 and 22. If therefore, thehead 16 is rotated clockwise as viewed in Figure 11, the lug 19 willtravel away from the lug 22, and when it has completed nearly a wholerevolution, it will contact with the upper edge of the lug 22 and movethe collar 18. The motion of the collar 18 is limited by thecircumferential width of the notch 21. The lug 22 can move thereforejust enough to enable the lug 19 to arrive at its initial position, thatis, the head 16 can be made to make exactly one complete revolution andno more.

The spindle 15 is moved by the rotation of the head 16. The spindle hason it an enlargement 23 which is seated in a recess 24 in the head ofthe thimble 8. At the opening of the recess 24 is mounted a shaft 25which ends in a pinion 26. The end of the shaft 25 nearest the recesshas a click wheel 27. A similar shaft 25 with its click wheel 27 andpinion 26 is associated with each of the heads 16 and spindles 15. Eachshaft 25 is connected to its spindle 15 by a spring 28. One end of thisspring is fastened to the spindle 15 and the other end to the shaft 25so that if the head 16 is turned when the shaft 25 cannot turn, thestrain will be absorbed by the spring 28, and if the turning is carriedfar enough so that something must break, the spring 28 will break beforeinjury is done to any of the delicate parts of the lock. I y I Theseveral shafts 25 are held in place by bearings in the plate 29 whichfits between the boss 14 and the housing 6 and has a flange 88 thatabuts against the inner edge of the thimble 8. The space between theplate 29 and the inner face of the thimble 8 is occupied by the clickwheels 27 and the parts cooperating with them which are illustrated inFigure 4. Associated with each click wheel is a pawl 30 pivoted at 31,either to the thimble 8 or to the plate 29. One end of each pawl 30cooperates with the wheel 27 to make clicks as the wheels rotate. Theother end of the pawl is bifurcated. the branches of the bifurcationbeing madeto straddle the end of aleaf spring32 which is anchored at 33.As the wheels 27 are rotated, their teeth push the ends of the pawls 30causing them to tilt against the restraining effect of the springs 32 sothat as a tooth passes the end of the pawl 30, the

pawl will swing against the next tooth, making an audible click andproducing a shock which can be felt in the operators fingers that arebeing used to turn the head 16. Thus is it is possible for the operatorto know through how many teeth he turns the wheel 27 and consequentlyhow far he has turned the pinion 26.

The pinion 26 meshes with curved racks 34 best illustrated in Figures 5and 13. Each of these racks contains as many teeth as the correspondingpinion 26. The rack 34 is in each case integral with an arcuate member36 which is connected by a separable joint with a second arcuate member37. The second arcua'te member has a flange 35 which is in line with therack 34. When the pinion is rotated in the direction to move the flange35 toward the pinion, the end of the flange acts as a stop beyond whichthe pinion cannot be turned.

The connected arcuate members 36 and 37 lie in the same annular spaceand in the case of two pairs their outer surfaces bear against the innerface of a cup 38, the floor 39 of which is fastened to the plate 29, byscrews 40. The other two pairs of connected arcuate members have theirinner faces against the face of a boss 41 upstanding from the center ofthe floor 39 of the cup 38. The cover 42 of this cup has a dependingflange 43 that fills the-space between the outer and inner sets ofconnected arcuate members. This flange 43 forms with the wall 38 of thecup a raceway for the outer sets of arcuate members and with the boss 41it forms a raceway for the inner sets of connected arcuate members. Asillustrated, there are two raceways to accommodate the foursets ofarcuate members but it is obvious that a larger number of sets can beused if desired and that if needed, a largenumber of raceways can beprovided for them.

Each member 36, has a long arm 47 and a .short arm 49 between which is arecess.

Each member 37 has an arm 48 which when two arcuate members areconnected extends into this recess. The face of the arm 49 toward therecess is concave to'afl'ord a shallow seat for a leaf spring 84 whichis connected to the member 37 and extends along the side of the arm 48.The leaf spring is bowed so as to yieldingly grip the seat in arm 49 andso hold the members 36 and 37 together but permit them to be separatedby a slight pull.

In order to insure that the arm 48 upon the part 37 will enter therecess upon the part 36. the ends of the arms 47 and 49 are rounded asshown at 51 and 50.

Each of the arcuate members 37 has a pin 46 extending upward from theend nearest the flange 35. The pins 46 project up through the cover 42and slots 52 are provided therein for their motion. The cover 42 isrotatably held in place by the enlargement upon the end of the bushing13 and during the motion of the cover if the end of one of the slots 52contacts with its pin 46, the pin will be moved. This will move theparts 37 and carry the parts 36 and therefore the racks 34 with it. Thiswill rotate the shafts 25 and so the spindles 15 causing rotation of theheads 16 and at the same time making clicks with the wheels 27. Rotationof the cover plate 42 to the position illustrated in Figure 6, brings inthis way all of the pins 46 to a standard position which for conveniencewill be hereinafter called the zero position. If the cover 42 thus movesthe pins 46 when the racks 34 are al ready at the limit of their motion,the parts 36 and 37 will be separated by the springs 84 slipping out ofthe seats in arms 49. The cover 42 has upstanding from it a pin 53 bywhich it is rotated.

The spindle 12 has a collar 54 occupying the interior of the enlargedpart of the bushing 13. From this collar toward the inside of the doorextends along the shaft 12 a keyway 55. The inside knob 56 of the lockis the end of a hollow sleeve 57 into which the spindle 12 extends.Projecting into the interior of this sleeve is a pin 58 to co-operatewith the keyway so that the knobs l1 and 56 are compelled to rotate together, but a telescoping motion thereof at right angles to the door ispossible.

The sleeve 57 has at its inner end a plate 59 which is shown in detailin Figure 16. This plate is provided with a plurality of series of holes60, each series arranged in an arc corresponding to one of the slots 52inthe cover 42. One of these holes is shown at 60 in Figure 9 which alsoshows the T-shaped pin 61 that occupies the hole. In Figure 19, for thesake of clearness, the

holes have been arranged in a straight row in order that they may beshown in section, and to illustrate the relation between the location ofthese holes. the pin,46 and the bayonet slot and lug connectiondescribed below; this connection is shown in a developed drawing besidethe row of holes. In each series of holes all but one of the holes isoccupied. The unoccupied hole is shown in Figure 16 as being the lasthole that must be produced at the corresponding knob 16. In order toretain the pins 61 in.

the holes 60, a second plate 62 is positioned over the plate 59. Forconvenience, in attaching the plate 62 to the plate 59 and removing ittherefrom, there are secured to the plate 59 a pair of set screws 63,which work through keyhole shaped slots 64. The pin 53 goes through theplates 59 and 62, and slots 65 and 66 are provided to receive it; \Vhenthe knob 56 is rotated, the plates 59 and 62 cause the pin 53 to rotateand so move the cover 42, but in order that there may be some lostmotion between the knob 56 and the cover 42, the slots 65 and 66 aresomewhat longer than the diameter of the pin The lost motion between theplate 59 and the cover 42 is equal to the travel of the pins 4-6corresponding to one click. Since the knob 11 is keyed to the knob 56 bythe pin 58 and the ke-yway 55, it will be obvious that the cover 42 maybe moved by turning either knob. lVhen the covervis thus moved, the endsof the slots 52 contact with the pins 46 and bring them is furnishedwith cam slots to cooperate with the lug'67. The shape of these slots isshown by the developed view of this boss in Figures 15 and 19. The slotnearest the knob 56 extends completely around the circumference of theboss as shown at 69. Out of this circumferential slot 69 there opens alongitudinal slot 71, which extends to about the center of the length ofthe boss. The

longitudinal slot 71 opens into a circumferential slot 73 which extendsabout a quarter of the circumference, and out of the circumferentialslot 73 there goes another longitudinal slot 74 which extends to the endof the boss. Figure 19 illustrates the relative position of the slotsand the holes 60 in the plate 59.

When the knob 56 is in its innermost position the lug 67 is in the slot69 and the knob 56 may be rotated completely except as the throw of thebolt affords a stop for the rotation. When the knob 56 has been rotatedto such a position that the opening 71 is opposite the lug 67, the knob56 can be moved outward so that the lug 67 will occupy the longitudinalslot 71. The knob 56 in this position can be rotated only very slightly,the play of the lug 67 between the walls of the slot 71 limiting therotation. If the knob 56 is moved outward a. little further, thelug 67will occupy the circumferential slot 73. The knob 56 may then be rotatedabout a quarter of a revolution. When the lug 67 is in the slot 73, theknob 56 can be so rotated as to bring the lug opposite the opening ofthe longitudinal slot 74:. When this is done, the knob 56 can be movedoutward to its outermost position.

The knob 56 is spring-pressed toward its inner position by a spring 75.The inner end of this spring bears against the plate 62 and the outerend bears against the inner surface of a thimble 76 which is threadedinto the inside end of the sleeve 6. The outer surface of this thimbleis provided with bevelled edges 77 to give a good appearance to thedoor.

The lug 4 which throws the bolt 2 projects through a slot 78 in thehousing It is integral with an arcuate, nearly semi-circular piece 79which rides on the interior of the housing 6 and is kept from movementlongitudinally thereof by the projection of the lug 4 through the slot76. The piece 79 is wide enough longitudinally of the housing 6 so thatthe plate 59 contacts with the inner surface of 79 in all longitudinalpositions of the knob 56. The piece 79 extends around the plate 59 fornearly a semicircle. Two lugs 80 project radially from the plate 59. Thecircumferential distance apart of these lugs is less than a semi-circleand they are situated on the side of the plate 59 away from the part 7 9so that as the plate 59 is rotated there is lost motion between the lugs80 and the end of the part 79, but if theplate 59 isrotated-sufficiently to take up this lost motion, the lug 80 willcontact with the end of the piece 79 and then move it and so move thelog 4; and thus throw the bolt 2. Since the bolt 2 cannot be movedexcept by the lug l, and the lug 4 cannot be moved except by the part59. it follows that normally, one of the lugs St) rests against one endof the piece 79 so that there is always lost motion to take up beforetheplate 59 can move the bolt 2 in the direction opposite to its lastmotion.

The bolt 2 is provided with an upstanding ridge 81, which is divided bythe notch 5 so that a small piece 82 in line with the ridge 81 is foundat the other side of the notch 5. The ridge 81 and the piece 62 areguided by a groove 35 in the upper side of the housing 3. This groove isin line with the slot 78 which at its lowest point forms a continuationof the groove in which the ridge 81 rides.

In the operation of the lock, assuming that the dooris shut and locked,the operator on the outside turns the heads 16. counting the clickswhich he hears and feels until at each head the number of clicks hasbeen made which corresponds to the combination. in order to do this, theoperator must know the combination. The rotation of a head 16 moves thecorresponding rack 34 and the pin 46 so that at the end of thisoperation, the pin 46 is in the position corresponding to thecombination, that is, it is opposite an empty one of the holes 60. Eachof the heads 16 in turn is thus rotated and each pin 46 is thus broughtopposite an unoccupied hole 60. During this operation.

the boss 68 stood with the lug 67 in the passage 71. Consequently, assoon as the combination is set up as has been described, the springforces the plate 62 and so the plate 59 and the boss 68 towards the knob11. This will bring the groove 69 into mesh with the lug 67 so that theknob 11 can be turned.

The knob .11 is turned, the part 57 being keyed thereto rotates with it,and so rotates the plate 59. This plate, by means of one of the lugs 80,moves the piece 79 around the circular housing 69 and so causes the lug4 to move the bolt 2 to release position.

The travel oi the bolt requires about a quarter of arevolution but thelost motion between the lugs S0 and the ends of the piece 79 is nearlyequal to another quarter of a revolution so that the whole travel of theplate 59 is nearly half a revolution. The plate 59 moves the pins 46because these pins are at this time in the holes 60. As

seen in Figures 12 and 6, this motion is c-ounter-clockwise, whileretracting the bolt. it the beginning of this motion, the pins 46 arenot in the position illustrated in Figure 6 but were displacedcounter-clockwise from that position the necessary distances tocorrespond to the combination. During retracting the bolt, therefore,each part 37 moves counter-cloclnvise which will carry with it the part36 until the head 16 has turned to the end of its motion. If theretracting ot' the bolt moves the pin 46 still. further, the part 36will be separated from the part 87, but they will be again united whenthe bolt is again thrown.

\Vhile the pins 46 are in the holes 60, the lug 67 isin the slot 69 andeither knob 11 or 56 can be rotated in either direction wheneverdesired. Thus the bolt can be thrown or retracted at will he an operatoreither on the inside or the outside of the door. 'lVhen the bolt isthrown, the motion of.the plates is clockwise, as seen in Figures 12 and6. The pins 46 are, as already explained. moved with the plate 59; theytherefore move in a clockwise direction, first bringing the parts 37back into contact with the parts 36 and then returning the racks to theposition corresponding to the combination.

hen the operator desires to prevent the operation of the bolt by anyonewho does not know the combination, he must first release the pins 46fromthe plate 59 and then move them relative to that plate so that theyno longer stand in register with the unoccupied holes 60. To do thisfrom the outside of the door, he first rotates the knob 11 until theslot 71 comes opposite the lug 67. By

exerting a pressure against the knob while turning it, the operator willknow when this position is reached by the knob then yielding to thepressure. The boss 68 travels during this yielding so that the lug 67goes through the slot 71 into the slot 73. Pressure on the knob 11cannot move the boss 68 any further in, because the inner end of theknob 11 comes against the bottom of the recess 10. The knob, however,can be rotated, the lug 67 then being in the slot 73. By the time theboss has turned far enough to bring the lug 67 against the right handend (as seen in Figure 15) ot the slot 7 3, the plate 59 will have movedenough to first take up the lost motion between it and the pin and thento move the cover 42 so far the pins 46 and the operator will be awareof this by finding that he cannot turn the knob in either direction.This is because the lug 67 now stands in the slot 71. During thisrotation of the plate 59 counter-clockwise to bring the slot 71 intoplay, the lost motion between the plate 59 and pin 53 is taken up andthen the cover 42 is moved counter-clockwise.

The motion of the cover brings the counter-clockwise ends of the slots52 away from the pins 46. At the time the holes 60 have moved fartherthan the cover so that the first hole in each series, that is, the oneat the clockwise end of the series, now stands on the counter-clockwiseside of its pin 46 at a distance equal to the travel of that pincorresponding to one click of the wheel 27. This is because of the lostmotion between the plate 59 and the pin 53. A motion of a head 16therefore suflicient to produce one click. brings a pin 46 opposite thefirst hole of its series. The next click brings it o'p-- posite the nexthole and so on; thus the combination may be set up by counting theclicks. I

With the door shut and locked, an operator on the inside can open itwithout knowing the combination, provided the lock stands, as itnormally does, with the lug 67 in the passage 71. For this purpose, theoperator first pulls on the knob 56, which moves the lug from thepassage 71 into the lUG . tion, the thimble 76 is unscrewed.

slot 73. He can then rotate the knob 56 until the slot 74 comes intomesh with the lug 67 when a further pull will completely free the boss68 from the lug 67. The operator can then move the bolt in eitherdirection at will. When it is desired to return the lock to thecondition where it is controlled by the combination, either the knob. 56or the knob 11 is turned until the slot 74 registers with the lug 67.The spring 75 then brings the slot 7 3 into register with the lug andeither knob may be used to bring the slot 71 in its turn into mesh withthe lug. If the pins 46 do not register with empty holes 60, the boss 68is stopped with the lug 67 in the slot 71 and the knob cannot be turned.

If the operator on the outside of the door attempts to set thecombination and moves one of the heads 16 too liar, he can usuallyreturn it by rotating the head backwards to its setposition. He can,also, by pushing the knob 11 in, bring the lug 67 into the circumferential groove 7 3. He can then rotate the plate 59 and thus the cover42 so as to return all the pins to their starting positions. Then he canrepeat his attempt to set the combination.

It is not possible to turn the knob 11 too far and so put a strain uponthe pins 46, because the play of the lug4 in the slot 78 is suflicientto stop the knob before this result can occur.

hen it is desired to change the combina- Prefer ably the spring 75 isattached to 76 and is removed with it. If not, this spring is nextremoved. Then the head 56 is rotated so as to bring the lug 67 oppositethe slot 71, if it is in the slot 69 to begin with. Next the head 56 ispulled to bring the lug 67 into the circumferential slot 73. Then thehead 59 is again rotated until the lug 67 is opposite the slot 74. Thehead 56 can then be pulled bringing the sleeve 57 and the plates 59 and62 out of the lock. Next, the screws 63 are loosened and the plate 62revolved until the large ends of the keyhole slots 64 are at thesescrews. The plate 62 can then be lifted and if desired removed from. theknob 56. This gives access to the pins 61 and those which occupy theholes it is desired to have empty are removed and inserted in the holesthat were empty before. The plate 62 is then replaced and rotated sothat the narrow ends of the keyhole slots are against the screws 63.brings the slots 65 and 66 into register. The head 56 and its attachedpartsare then replaced in the lock and the spring and thimble 76replaced in their turn.

We are aware that numerous details oi construction may be varied througha wide an e thmitdsp rt ns m the p c pl s th s and we he efor do e Thispurpose limiting the patent granted otherwise than necessitated by theprior art.

We claim as our invention:

1. In a lock, a lock-operating member spring-pressed toward operativeposition, said member having a plurality of holes therein, a pluralityof obstacles normally preventing said member from being moved tooperative position, and means for moving said obstacles so that eachobstacle may be positioned opposite a hole in said member whereby themember will move under spring pressure to operative position.

2. In a look, a cylindrical housing, a circumferential slot in saidhousing, a bolt operating member projecting through said slot, a boltcasing at right angles to the axis of said cylinder, a groove in saidb-olt casing in the same plane with said slot, a bolt sliding in saidbolt'casing, a ridge on said bolt sliding in said groove, said ridge andbolt having a notch cooperating with said member.

8. In a combination look, a plurality of obstacles, means forpositioning each obstacle, each of said means including a manuallyrotatable head, and a stop for limiting the motion of said head to onecomplete revolution.

4. In a combination setting devicefor a lock, a head, a lug on saidhead, a collar co-axial with said head, a lug on said collar in positionto contact with the lug on said head, a second lug on said collar, astation'- ary bearing in which said head and collar are rotatablymounted, a recess in said bearing in which the second named lug on saidcollar travels, the extent of said travel being sufiicient only toenable the head to complete one revolution.

5. In a lock, an obstacle, means for positioning said obstacle, saidmeans including a rack, a pinion meshing with said rack, a head forturning said pinion, and means cooperating with said head to limit there.- tation thereof to one revolution only.

6. In a lock, an obstacle, means for posi tioning said obstacle. saidmeans including a rack, a pinion meshing with said rack, a head forturning said pinion, and means cooperating with said head to limit therotation thereof to one revolution only, the number of teeth in saidrack being equal to the number of teeth on said pinion.

7. In a lock. an obstacle, means for positioning said obstacle includinga -rack and pinion, and a separable connection between said obstacle andsaid rack.

8. In a lock, an obstacle, means for positioning said obstacle includinga rack and pinion. and a separable connection between said obstacle andsaid rack, said separable connection includinga recess in one of saidmembers and a leaf spring on the other.

of said members, saidileaf spring-cooperate ing with said recess toseparably hold said members together.

9. In a lock, a plurality of obstacles, a lock operating member normallyheld out of operative position by said obstacles, means for positioningeach of said obstacles in a position to permit each said operatingmember to move to operative position, and means actuated by theoperation of the lock for moving said obstacles out of the permissiveposition.

10. In a combination lock, a plurality of obstacles, each obstacle beingmounted upon a member having a projecting end, a rack for each obstacle,a recessed member integral with each rack, the recess being positionedto receive said projecting end, one wall of said recess having adepression, and a spring upon said projecting end adapted to enter saiddepression and releasably hold said obstacle and rack together.

11. In a combination lock, a plurality of obstacles, each obstacle beingmounted upon a member having a projecting end, a rack for each obstacle,a recessed member integral with each rack, the recess being positionedto receive said projecting end, one wall of said recess having adepression, and a spring upon said projecting end adapted to enter saiddepression and releasably hold said obstacle and rack together, saidrecessed member also having a projecting end, and said obstacle carryingmember also having a recess adapted to receive the last named projectingend, the corners on one of said members being rounded to afi'ord guidingmeans for the entrance of the projecting ends into the recesses.

12. In a lock, an obstacle, a rack for moving said obstacle, a pinionfor moving said rack, the number of teeth on said pinion and on saidrack being equal, a click wheel on the shaft of said pinion. the numberof teeth on said click wheel being equal to the number of teeth on saidpinion and rack, manually operable heads for moving said shaft, andmeans for limiting the motion of said heads to one revolution.

13. In a click device for the positioning means of a combination lock, aclick wheel, a click pawl cooperating with said wheel, a leaf springengaging said pawl, and an anchorage for said leaf spring, the center ofsaid click wheel, the pivot of said pawl, the attachment of said leafspring to said pawl, and the anchorage of said leaf spring normallystanding in one straight line,

14-. In a lock, a plurality of obstacles, a plurality of arcnate racks,one for each of said obstacles. said racks being arranged upon aplurality of concentric circles, and a lock operating spindleconcentricwith said rack.

15. In an obstacle setting device for a combination lock, -a pluralityof arcuate racks, a cup-shaped container holding said racks, a cover forsaid container, and an annular depending flange on said cover whereby arunwayior said racks is afforded between said flange and said container.

16. In a lock, a bolt operating member, obstacles normally holding saidmember out of operative position in a direction at an angle to themovement of said operating member when operating the bolt, saidobstacles including a stationary lug, a grooved member movable with saidoperating member, the grooves in said grooved member being of a size topermit passage thereof past said lug when the grooves are properlypositioned.

17. In a lock, an operating spindle, a sleeve slidably mounted on saidspindle and constrained to rotate therewith, a stationary bearing forsaid sleeve, and interlocking means between said bearing and sleeve,said means including a lug and a groove.

18. In a lock, an operating spindle, a sleeve slidably mounted on saidspindle and constrained to rotate therewith, a stationary bearing forsaid sleeve, and interlocking means between said bearing and sleeve,said means including a lug and a groove, said groove havingcircumferential portions sufficient to allow rotation of the spindle tothe extent needed to operate the lock, and longitudinal portions topermit motion of the sleeve to and from operative position, the walls ofsaid longitudinal portions of the groove cooperating with said lug toprevent rotation of the spindle during such longitudinal movement.

19. In a door lock, an inner handle, an outer handle, a telescopingconnection between said handles whereby they are constrained to rotatetogether, a stationary hearing for said telescoping parts, aninterlocking connection between the one of said parts connected to theinner handle and the stationary bearing, said interlocking connectionincluding a lug and a groove, the groove containing a circumferentialportion of sufficient length to permit the rotation of the handles lessthan that necessary for opcrating the lock, and longitudinal portionsextending from said circumferential portion one in each direction,obstacle controlled means for preventing motion of the lug along thelongitudinal portion toward the inner handle far enough for the lug toemerge from said longitudinal ,portion.

20. In a door lock, an inner handle, an outer handle, spring means formoving the inner handle toward the outer handle, a lug and, bayonet slotjoint between said inner handle and the stationary part of the look, alost motion connection between the outer handle and the inner handle, astop for limiting the motion of the outer handle toward the innerhandle, whereby by moving the tachable means for securing said secondplate in place.

22. In a lock, a plate, a plurality of seri s of holes in said plate,pins occupying said holes, the pins being fewerv in number than theholes whereby certain of said holes are, left vacant, obstacles one.for. each series of holes, means for positioning the obstacles wherebythey may be placed opposite the unoccupied holes, and means fordisplacing said obstacles from said position, said last named'meansincluding a lost motion connection to the plate containing the holes.

23. In a look, a plurality of obstacles, positioning means for saidobstacles, a container housing said positioning means, a plate rotatablymounted adjacent said con tainer, said plate having arcuate slots onefor each of said obstacles whereby rotating the plate to a definiteposition will move the obstacle to a definite position.

24;. In a look, a plurality of obstacles, positioning means for saidobstacles, a container housing said positioning means, a plate rotatablymounted adjacent said container, said plate having arcuate slots one foreach of said obstacles whereby rotating the plate to a definite positionwill move the obstacle to a definite position, and means ac- I tuatedbythe operation of the loci: for moving said plate to said definiteposition.

25. In a lock, a plurality of obstacles, separate manually operatedmeans for positioning said obstacles, a lock operating member, springactuated means for moving said operating member into operative position,

said operative member to the corresponding esse operative positionexcept when said operative members are in permissive position.

27. In a look, a cylindrical housing, a circumferential slot in saidhousing, a lug projecting through said slot, an arcuate member,connectedwith said lug contacting with the inner surface of saidhousing, a lock operating member actuating said arcuate member, meansfor restraining the lock actuating member from said actuation except ineither of two operative positions, obstacle controlled means for movingsaid operative member longitudinally of said housing into one of saidoperative positions, and mana ally controlled means for moving theoperative member into the other of said operating positions, saidarcuate member extending longitudinally of said housing beyond each ofsaid two positions.

28,. In a door lock, an inner handle, an outer handle, an operativemember connected to the inner handle a telescoping con nection betweensaid two handles whereby they are constrained to rotate together, aspring pressing said operative member to ward said outer handle,obstacle controlled means for limiting the motion of said operativemember in this direction, and means movable independently of thetelescoping motion of the handles for controlling said obstacles.

29. In a door lock, an inner handle, an outer handle, an operativemember connected to the inner handle, a telescoping connection betweensaid two handles whereby they are constrained to rotate togethena springpressing said operative member toward said outer handle, obstaclecontrolled means for limiting the motion of said operative member inthis direction, means connected to the outer handle for moving theoperative member in the opposite direction, a stop limiting the movementof the operative member by said outer handle, and means distinct fromsaid outer handle for positioning said stop.

30. In a lock, an operative member, means for moving said operativemember into either of two lock operative positions, movable obstaclescontrolling the motion of said operating member toward one of saidpositions, means for moving said obstacles by the motion of saidoperative member. and means preventing such action of said operativememberexcept in the two operative positions and in one intermediateposition.

31. In a door lock, an inner handle, an outer andle; eleswpi g n e o btween the handles whereby they are constrained to rotate together, a lugand bayonet slot interlock between the inner handle and the staticnarypart of the look, a stop on said telescoping connection whereby motionof the outer handle toward the inner handle can move the interlock, astop on the stationary part of the lock whereby motion of the outerhandle toward the inner handle can not go further than sufficient tomove the bayonet slot interlock to its central position, the lost motionbetween the inner handle and the stop on the telescoping connectionbeing suflicient to enable the inner handle to move the bayonet slotinterlock to an extreme position.

32. In a look, a combination setting means including a manually operatedmember external of the lock, a pinion internal of the lock, and aconnection, capable of breaking under a stress smaller than would injurethe look, between said manually operated member and said pinion.

33. In an obstacle controlled look, a plurality of obstacle movingdevices, means for manually moving said devices, a common controllingmeans for moving all of said devices, and means controlled by theoperation of the lock for actuating said common controlling means.

34. In a combination lock, means for predetermining the combinationremovably mounted in the lock, and means for setting the lock tocorrespond to said combination secured in the lock separately from saidfirst named means whereby the combination changing means may be removedfrom the lock and the combination changed without disturbing thecombination setting means.

35. In a look, a plurality of pairs of cooperating means for holdingsaid lock in inoperative condition except when said pairs are each inpermissive relation, a plurality of manually operated means, one meansfor each pair, for bringing said pairs into permissive relation, andspring actuated means for bringing the look into operative conditionwhen all of said pairs are in permissive relation.

36. In a look, a plurality of pairs of cooperating devices forpreventing the look from assuming operative condition except when saidpairs are each in permissive relation, a plurality of manually actuatedoperative means, one means for each pair, for acting each upon onemember of said pair for moving said pairs into permissive relation, acommon actuating means for moving said pairs out of permissive relation,means for bringing the look into operative condition when said pairs arein permissive relation, means for operating the look when in operativecondition, and means actuated by the operation of the lock for actuatingsaid common operating means for moving said pairs out of permissiverelation.

37. In a look, a plurality ofcombination elements, each of which must bebrought to a predetermined situation to establish the com bination,means preventing the movement of the lock to release position exceptwhen the combination is established, each combination element includinga step-by-step device, means associated with each combination elementfor changing at will the number of steps necessary to produce thepredetermined situation, and a common operating means for returning allsaid step-by-step devices.

38. In a look, a plurality of combination elements, each of which mustbe brought to a predetermined situation to establish the combination,means preventing the movement of the lock to release position exceptwhen the combination is established, each combination element includinga step-bystep device, means associated with each combination element forchanging at will the number of steps necessary to produce thepredetermined situation, and a common operating means for returning allsaid step-by step devices, said means having a lost motion equivalent toone of said steps.

In testimony whereof we have hereunto subscribed our names in thepresence of two subscribing witnesses.

CHARLES H. JOY, JR. LOUIS J. sauna.

Witnesses:

CARLTON HILL, JAMES M. OBnum.

